Attrakdiff
Developed by Hassenzahl, (2003)
Questionnaire to measure the attractiveness
The Attrakdiff was developed with the aim of evaluating interactive products both on pragmatic (mainly related to usability) and hedonic (related to identity, stimulation, novelty, etc.) qualities. Although the method is mainly used for the evaluation of interfaces, it has been included in this discussion as it is widely used (Mast et al., 2012; Weiss et al., 2009; Niculescu et al., 2013; Gonnot et al., 2019) to analyze the interaction with robots equipped with user interfaces (mainly displayed on tablets, smartphones or various displays). According to the Attrakdiff model, the acceptability of technologies is determined by a positive user experience and the attractiveness of the system. The user experience is influenced by the user’s emotions and behaviour, as well as an overall assessment of the product/system. These, in turn, are determined by the pragmatic and hedonic qualities of the product. Attractiveness, on the other hand, depends on several factors, including the context of use, the internal state of the user and the system itself.
HCD
HRI
Through the methods of the HCD it is possible to analyze in advance the needs, expectations, preferences and opinions of users in relation to hedonic and pragmatic qualities. In addition, it is possible to investigate in depth some of the determinant variables of attractiveness. In summary, the HCD methods considered most effective for the preliminary analysis of selected Attrakdiff variables are: Questionnaires, interviews, usability tests, thinking aloud. Below is the architecture of the Attrakdiff method and the relationships between its constructs that determine the acceptability of the technology. In evidence are the influential variables for acceptability that can be preliminarily analysed through the HCD methods identified in the upper part of the scheme (questionnaire, interview, usability test, thinking aloud).
